QUESTION & ANSWERES
Do Forward Osmosis Systems Produce Fluids As Pure As Other Technologies?
Better! Forward Osmosis provides the same purity levels as industrial reverse osmosis filtration equipment, but without the clogging problems of those systems. This is as pure as filtration gets.
The pores in the membrane through which the water passes, are 0.0003 microns in diameter. This is roughly the diameter of most single atoms, providing more than 200 times better protection than provided by common Reverse Osmosis micron – filtration hand pumps.
Why doesn’t Forward Osmosis Produce Water? Are sports drinks hydrating?
Any purification or filtration technology requires energy, for example ; electrical, manual pumping , or even the oxidizing energy of chemicals. Forward Osmosis use the osmotic potential created by the sugars and electrolytes in a sports drink syrup as energy sources to drive the filtration process.
The result is a balanced sports drink. Numerous military and university studies show that sports drinks can actually hydrate the human body better than water while boosting physical and mental performance.
What are the Advantages?
• Other filtration or purification technologies have great difficulty working if the water source is cloudy. Published test results on the effectiveness of most other technologies are normally performed with water that is virtually clear, unlike most water found in the field.
• Forward Osmosis (FO) products will work with virtually any water available without degradation of performance. You can always count on Forward Osmosis. This dependability means you will have more options finding suitable water sources for your hydration needs. It is also the key advantages of Forward Osmosis. Types of water that is able to treat ; mud, tire ruts, viruses, heavy metals, lakes, ponds, seawater, fertilizers, floodwaters, rivers, cysts, ditches, bacteria, rotavirus, anthrax pesticides, etc.
Are Forward Osmosis fast enough? How much can we drink?
• The Expedition, for example, will produce 24 liters per day. Best of all, it does so with almost no effort on your part…. No pumping, cleaning, test strips, etc. Just Fill-And-Go.
• For group up to 10 people, the Hydrowell System will provide plenty of fluid in most cuircumstances.
Do you need the drink syrup to make the systems work?
• Our products work on the basis of Forward Osmosis. Forward Osmosis filtration must use an osmotic agent (Sugar or Salt) to create osmotic pressure and draw the water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane filter. Our syrup packs have been formulated to maximize filtration capabilities, enhance oral hydration and drink preservation.
How quickly can I produce safe drink and are there any ways to speed the production?
• The reported hydration speed of the product was measured at 68?F without agitation. Warmer water and agitation allows water to move easily through the filter. Basic filtration delivery speeds for each product at standard and above standard temperatures are as follows:
| Temperature is : |
1.0°C |
= 33.8°F |
| At this temperature, 0.5 liter of drink should be obtained in about 8.6 hours |
| Temperature is : |
5.0°C |
= 41.0 °F |
| At this temperature, 0.5 liter of drink should be obtained in about 7.6 hours |
| Temperature is : |
10.0°C |
= 50.0 °F |
| At this temperature, 0.5 liter of drink should be obtained in about 6.5 hours |
| Temperature is : |
20.0°C |
= 68.0 °F |
| At this temperature, 0.5 liter of drink should be obtained in about 5.0 hours |
| Temperature is : |
30.0°C |
= 86.0 °F |
| At this temperature, 0.5 liter of drink should be obtained in about 4.0 hours |
| Temperature is : |
35.0°C |
= 95.0 °F |
| At this temperature, 0.5 liter of drink should be obtained in about 3.6 hours |
How do you know if the membrane is working properly?
Each and every product is tested for leaks under a positive pressure air test prior to packaging and shipping. Products require a tight membrane filter and construction so that the osmotic pressure is always contained. In the rare case where a rupture or small hole develops in the membrane or construction under severe use, osmotic pressure is released and the osmotic filtration process stops. The product will not generate clean drink because the osmotic agent is flowing out into the dirty water. A full bag means a good bag and safe drink.
Does the SeaPack membrane stop all chemical toxins?
• At the behest of the Department of Defense (DoD), SeaPack's initial products were engineered to stop biological pathogens. Biological pathogens are common in contaminated waters and even a small exposure, due to the rapid reproductive characteristics of bacteria and viruses, can result in severe illness. In addition SeaPack's products perform very well against chemical toxins (as seen below):
• Undissolved Radiological species (most common) 100% RejectionRadioactive ions (less common) 85% RejectionChemical Warfare Agents (except CN) 95% Plus RejectionHerbicides/Pesticides 95% Plus RejectionOdors & Smells 95% Plus RejectionHeavy Metals 85-90% Plus Rejection
Does the SeaPack membrane stop all biological pathogens?
• SeaPack's proprietary membrane is extremely effective at blocking all types of biological pathogens. Independent studies performed by both independent and military laboratories have consistently demonstrated that SeaPack's products transform the worst possible life-threatening waters into clean, life-sustaining drink. As demonstrated in independent tests, SeaPack's membrane meets or surpasses 6-log bacteria (99.9999%), 4-log virus (99.99%) and 3-log parasites and cysts (99.9%) reductions as specified by the EPA for water purifiers.
Will a forward osmosis membrane clog in dirty water?
•
Soldiers know that most indigenous water sources are highly turbid. Unlike other solutions, our proprietary membrane technology does not clog, even when confronted with the dirtiest of waters. Pump systems indiscriminately force contaminants into their membranes causing the system to quickly clog and fail. Chemical treatments cannot remove turbidity and are useless when confronted with this common condition. Our forward osmosis technology; however, does not unintelligently push water against the membrane, but rather water is selectively pulled through the membrane leaving other contaminants behind.
No pressure means no clogging.
Can I filter urine through SeaPack's products and produce safe drink?
•
Our products are not designed to filter urine. The system's strength is its ability to work with very turbid water sources. However, due to the extremely tight membrane, the our filters are capable of rejecting close to 90% of the salts in urine. In a crisis, these products have been used to filter urine and have been credited for saving lives.
